Assessing of oxidative stress related parameters in diabetes mellitus type 2: cause excessive damaging to DNA and enhanced homocysteine in diabetic patients

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species [ROS] have been documented subsist to the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. The strength of both parameters could be estimated by measuring oxidative stress marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], its related parameters and the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase [SOD] in plasma of DM patients. Lipid peroxidation was measured as TBARS and presented as malondialdehyde, total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglyceride [Tg], the antioxidants [vitamin A [beta-carotene], vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and superoxide dismutase] levels. The results showed that these parameters, commonly, were declined appreciably in diabetic individuals as compared to the healthy individuals. In most cases, age and gender were appeared to involve in having greater values of diabetes marker. Further, increased level of lipid peroxidation and random behaviour of antioxidant potential also associated with Diabetes. For that reason these biomarkers might be of great important to diagnosis DNA damages of diabetic patients

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis Linn flower extracts

Antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different solvent extracts of locally grown Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed by estimation of total flavonoids contents, total phenolic contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation capacity. Agar disc diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial potential of crude extract of H. rosa-sinensis. The yield of the crude extracts [23.21 +/- 3.67 and 18.36 +/- 2.98% in 80% methanol and ethanol solvents was calculated, respectively. Methanol and ethanol extract of H. rosa-sinensis showed total phenolics 61.45 +/- 3.23 and 59.31 +/- 4.31 mg/100g as gallic acid equivalent, total flavonoids 53.28 +/- 1.93 and 32.25 +/- 1.21 mg/100g as catechine equivalent, DPPH free radical scavenging activity 75.46 +/- 4.67 and 64.98 +/- 2.11% and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation potential 75.8 +/- 3.22 and 61.6 +/- 2.01% respectively, was measured. Antibacterial study against three human pathogens such as staphlococus sp. Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli showed growth inhibitory effect in the range of 12.75 +/- 1.17 to 16.75 +/- 2.10 mm. These results showed H. rosasinensis indigenous to Kallar Kahar and its allied areas bear promising medicinal values and could be used for developing herbal medicines to target oxidative stress and infectious diseases.